Critically discuss various criminological theories of punishment and analyse how they inform penal practice in England and Wales. Write a 2000-word essay titled ‘Critically examine the impact of criminal justice frameworks on desistance and reducing reoffending’. Students should:  • Include a well written introduction which signposts the reader to the structure of your essay.  • Demonstrate a critical knowledge of criminological and penal theory. • Demonstrate a critical overview of historical origins that have shaped and underpinned contemporary criminal justice and penal policies.  • Critically evaluate the effectiveness of penal theories in practice.  • Apply theory to criminal justice frameworks.  • In the context of the topic, discuss the interrelation of political, social and criminological ideas.  • Critically evaluate the approaches, with reference to issues of reoffending.  • Include a critical conclusion which draws together the main ideas of the argument.  Content: Demonstrate a critical knowledge of the relationship between contemporary political, social and criminological ideas and how these impact on penal policy and practice 30%  Analysis: Analyse and critically evaluate current frameworks for desistance and reducing reoffending. 40%  Reading and Synthesis: Collect and synthesise information from a variety of authoritative sources. 10% Presentation Academic style guide conventions are adhered to. Spelling, punctuation, grammar and fluency of expression meet level 5 standards. 10%  Referencing:  Referencing, as per the Law Style Manual (Harvard). 10%