Determine whether the following statements are true or false. Justify your answer briefly.

• A higher priority task can block a lower priority task in the NPCS protocol when they share a common resource.
• In the priority inheritance protocol, a task that holds a resource has the highest priority of all tasks in the system.
• Priority ceiling blocking is also called avoidance blocking because the blocking prevents deadlock among tasks.
• The fundamental difference between the priority inheritance protocol and priority ceiling protocol is that they use different priority inheritance rules.
• Under the stack-sharing protocol ceiling, a task that does not require any resource does not undergo priority inversion.
• Under the priority ceiling protocol, the maximum blocking time of a task is the sum of its direct blocking time, priority inheritance blocking time, and priority ceiling blocking time.

6. The following five tasks are to be scheduled on a single processor preemptively.

• Construct the schedule when there is no resource access control.
• Construct the schedule when the NPCs protocol is applied to control the access to resources. Explain the schedule step by step.
• Construct the schedule when the priority inheritance protocol is applied to control the access to resources. Explain the schedule step by step.

9. A system contains five tasks. There are three resources X, Y, and Z. the resource requirements of the tasks are specified as follows:

T1: (X; 1) (T; 2).

T2: (Z; 4)

T3: (X; 2)

T4: (X; 2) (Y; 3)

T5 X; 1) (Z; 3)

The task is indexed in the decreasing order of priority order of schedule with priority ceiling protocol. Find the maximum blocking time for each task.

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