Consider the following hypothesis and cross-tab results table.
Ha: In a comparison of countries, countries with a high level of GDP are less likely to engage in civil
war than countries with a low level of GDP.
Presence of Civil War by Level of GDP

Note: Cell entries are percentages with frequencies in parentheses. Data from Pollock’s World dataset.
1. What is the null hypothesis (H0)?
2. What is the dependent variable?
3. What is the independent variable?
4. What is the unit of analysis?
5. Based on the values in the cross-tab table, do you have support for the hypothesis? In other
words, is the relationship in the hypothesized direction?
6. The chi-squared statistic (X2) is 3.50. Is the relationship statistically significant at the p < .05
level? Explain how you know. [Hint: you will need to calculate the degrees of freedom (df) and
find the critical value to compare to the X2 value.]
7. Do you have support for the hypothesis? Can you reject the null hypothesis? Explain how you
know.